## 86.8 In case the base ring is a G-ring

If the base ring $A$ is a Noetherian G-ring, then some of the material above simplifies somewhat and we obtain some additional results.

Proof of Lemma 86.7.3 in case $A$ is a G-ring. This proof is easier in that it does not depend on the somewhat delicate deformation theory argument given in the proof of Lemma 86.7.2, but of course it requires a very strong assumption on the Noetherian ring $A$.

Choose a presentation $B = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge /J$. Choose generators $g_1, \ldots , g_ m \in J$. Choose generators $k_1, \ldots , k_ t$ of the module of relations between $g_1, \ldots , g_ m$, i.e., such that

$(A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge )^{\oplus t} \xrightarrow {k_1, \ldots , k_ t} (A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge )^{\oplus m} \xrightarrow {g_1, \ldots , g_ m} A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$

is exact in the middle. Write $k_ i = (k_{i1}, \ldots , k_{im})$ so that we have

86.8.0.1
$$\label{restricted-equation-relations-straight-up} \sum k_{ij}g_ j = 0$$

for $i = 1, \ldots , t$. Let $I^ c = (a_1, \ldots , a_ s)$. For each $l \in \{ 1, \ldots , s\}$ we know that multiplication by $a_ l$ on $\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits ^\wedge _{B/A}$ is zero in $D(B)$. By Lemma 86.3.4 we can find a map $\alpha _ l : \bigoplus B\text{d}x_ i \to J/J^2$ such that $\text{d} \circ \alpha _ l$ and $\alpha _ l \circ \text{d}$ are both multiplication by $a_ l$. Pick an element $f_{l, i} \in J$ whose class modulo $J^2$ is equal to $\alpha _ l(\text{d}x_ i)$. Then we have for all $l = 1, \ldots , s$ and $i = 1, \ldots , r$ that

86.8.0.2
$$\label{restricted-equation-derivatives} \sum \nolimits _{i'} (\partial f_{l, i}/ \partial x_{i'}) \text{d}x_{i'} = a_ l \text{d}x_ i + \sum h_{l, i}^{j', i'} g_{j'} \text{d}x_{i'}$$

for some $h_{l, i}^{j', i'} \in A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$. We also have for $j = 1, \ldots , m$ and $l = 1, \ldots , s$ that

86.8.0.3
$$\label{restricted-equation-ci} a_ l g_ j = \sum h_{l, j}^ if_{l, i} + \sum h_{l, j}^{j', j''}g_{j'} g_{j''}$$

for some $h_{l, j}^ i$ and $h_{l, j}^{j', j''}$ in $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$. Of course, since $f_{l, i} \in J$ we can write for $l = 1, \ldots , s$ and $i = 1, \ldots , r$

86.8.0.4
$$\label{restricted-equation-in-ideal} f_{l, i} = \sum h_{l, i}^ jg_ j$$

for some $h_{l, i}^ j$ in $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$.

Let $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$ be the henselization of the pair $(A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r], IA[x_1, \ldots , x_ r])$, see More on Algebra, Lemma 15.12.1. Since $A$ is a Noetherian G-ring, so is $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]$, see More on Algebra, Proposition 15.49.10. Hence we have approximation for the map $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h \to A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$ with respect to the ideal generated by $I$, see Smoothing Ring Maps, Lemma 16.14.1. Choose a large integer $M$. Choose

$G_ j, K_{ij}, F_{l, i}, H_{l, j}^ i, H_{l, j}^{j', j''}, H_{l, i}^ j \in A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$

such that analogues of equations (86.8.0.1), (86.8.0.3), and (86.8.0.4) hold for these elements in $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$, i.e.,

$\sum K_{ij}G_ j = 0,\quad a_ l G_ j = \sum H_{l, j}^ iF_{l, i} + \sum H_{l, j}^{j', j''} G_{j'} G_{j''},\quad F_{l, i} = \sum H_{l, i}^ j G_ j$

and such that we have

$G_ j - g_ j, K_{ij} - k_{ij}, F_{l, i} - f_{l, i}, H_{l, j}^ i - h_{l, j}^ i, H_{l, j}^{j', j''} - h_{l, j}^{j', j''}, H_{l, i}^ j - h_{l, i}^ j \in I^ M A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$

where we take liberty of thinking of $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$ as a subring of $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$. Note that we cannot guarantee that the analogue of (86.8.0.2) holds in $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$, because it is not a polynomial equation. But since taking partial derivatives is $A$-linear, we do get the analogue modulo $I^ M$. More precisely, we see that

86.8.0.5
$$\label{restricted-equation-derivatives-analogue} \sum \nolimits _{i'} (\partial F_{l, i}/ \partial x_{i'}) \text{d}x_{i'} - a_ l \text{d}x_ i - \sum h_{l, i}^{j', i'} G_{j'} \text{d}x_{i'} \in I^ MA[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$$

for $l = 1, \ldots , s$ and $i = 1, \ldots , r$.

With these choices, consider the ring

$C^ h = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h/(G_1, \ldots , G_ r)$

and denote $C^\wedge$ its $I$-adic completion, namely

$C^\wedge = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge /J',\quad J' = (G_1, \ldots , G_ r)A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge$

In the following paragraphs we establish the fact that $C^\wedge$ is isomorphic to $B$. Then in the final paragraph we deal with show that $C^ h$ comes from a finite type algebra over $A$ as in the statement of the lemma.

First consider the cokernel

$\Omega = \mathop{\mathrm{Coker}}(J'/(J')^2 \longrightarrow \bigoplus C^\wedge \text{d}x_ i)$

This $C^\wedge$ module is generated by the images of the elements $\text{d}x_ i$. Since $F_{l, i} \in J'$ by the analogue of (86.8.0.4) we see from (86.8.0.5) we see that $a_ l \text{d}x_ i \in I^ M\Omega$. As $I^ c = (a_ l)$ we see that $I^ c \Omega \subset I^ M \Omega$. Since $M > c$ we conclude that $I^ c \Omega = 0$ by Algebra, Lemma 10.19.1.

Next, consider the kernel

$H_1 = \mathop{\mathrm{Ker}}(J'/(J')^2 \longrightarrow \bigoplus C^\wedge \text{d}x_ i)$

By the analogue of (86.8.0.3) we see that $a_ l J' \subset (F_{l, i}) + (J')^2$. On the other hand, the determinant $\Delta _ l$ of the matrix $(\partial F_{l, i}/ \partial x_{i'})$ satisfies $\Delta _ l = a_ l^ r \bmod I^ M C^\wedge$ by (86.8.0.5). It follows that $a_ l^{r + 1} H_1 \subset I^ M H_1$ (some details omitted; use Algebra, Lemma 10.14.5). Now $(a_1^{r + 1}, \ldots , a_ s^{r + 1}) \supset I^{(sr + 1)c}$. Hence $I^{(sr + 1)c}H_1 \subset I^ M H_1$ and since $M > (sr + 1)c$ we conclude that $I^{(sr + 1)c}H_1 = 0$.

By Lemma 86.3.5 we conclude that multiplication by an element of $I^{2(sr + 1)c}$ on $\mathop{N\! L}\nolimits ^\wedge _{C^\wedge /A}$ is zero (note that the bound does not depend on $M$ or the choice of the approximation, as long as $M$ is large enough). Since $G_ j - g_ j$ is in the ideal generated by $I^ M$ we see that there is an isomorphism

$\psi _ M : C^\wedge /I^ MC^\wedge \to B/I^ MB$

As $M$ is large enough we can use Lemma 86.7.1 with $d = d(I \subset A \to B)$, with $C^\wedge$ playing the role of $B$, with $2(rs + 1)c$ instead of $c$, to find a morphism

$\psi : C^\wedge \longrightarrow B$

which agrees with $\psi _ M$ modulo $I^{q - 2(rs + 1)c}$ where $q$ is the quotient of $M$ by the number of generators of $I$. We claim $\psi$ is an isomorphism. Since $C^\wedge$ and $B$ are $I$-adically complete the map $\psi$ is surjective because it is surjective modulo $I$ (see Algebra, Lemma 10.95.1). On the other hand, as $M$ is large enough we see that

$\text{Gr}_ I(C^\wedge ) \cong \text{Gr}_ I(B)$

as graded $\text{Gr}_ I(A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^\wedge )$-modules by More on Algebra, Lemma 15.4.2. Since $\psi$ is compatible with this isomorphism as it agrees with $\psi _ M$ modulo $I$, this means that $\text{Gr}_ I(\psi )$ is an isomorphism. As $C^\wedge$ and $B$ are $I$-adically complete, it follows that $\psi$ is an isomorphism.

This paragraph serves to deal with the issue that $C^ h$ is not of finite type over $A$. Namely, the ring $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]^ h$ is a filtered colimit of étale $A[x_1, \ldots , x_ r]$ algebras $A'$ such that $A/I[x_1, \ldots , x_ r] \to A'/IA'$ is an isomorphism (see proof of More on Algebra, Lemma 15.12.1). Pick an $A'$ such that $G_1, \ldots , G_ m$ are the images of $G'_1, \ldots , G'_ m \in A'$. Setting $C = A'/(G'_1, \ldots , G'_ m)$ we get the finite type algebra we were looking for. $\square$

The following lemma isn't true in general if $A$ is not a G-ring but just Noetherian. Namely, if $(A, \mathfrak m)$ is local and $I = \mathfrak m$, then the lemma is equivalent to Artin approximation for $A^ h$ (as in Smoothing Ring Maps, Theorem 16.13.1) which does not hold for every Noetherian local ring.

Lemma 86.8.1. Let $A$ be a Noetherian G-ring. Let $I \subset A$ be an ideal. Let $B, C$ be finite type $A$-algebras. For any $A$-algebra map $\varphi : B^\wedge \to C^\wedge$ of $I$-adic completions and any $N \geq 1$ there exist

1. an étale ring map $C \to C'$ which induces an isomorphism $C/IC \to C'/IC'$,

2. an $A$-algebra map $\varphi : B \to C'$

such that $\varphi$ and $\psi$ agree modulo $I^ N$ into $C^\wedge = (C')^\wedge$.

Proof. The statement of the lemma makes sense as $C \to C'$ is flat (Algebra, Lemma 10.142.3) hence induces an isomorphism $C/I^ nC \to C'/I^ nC'$ for all $n$ (More on Algebra, Lemma 15.83.2) and hence an isomorphism on completions. Let $C^ h$ be the henselization of the pair $(C, IC)$, see More on Algebra, Lemma 15.12.1. Then $C^ h$ is the filtered colimit of the algebras $C'$ and the maps $C \to C' \to C^ h$ induce isomorphism on completions (More on Algebra, Lemma 15.12.4). Thus it suffices to prove there exists an $A$-algebra map $B \to C^ h$ which is congruent to $\psi$ modulo $I^ N$. Write $B = A[x_1, \ldots , x_ n]/(f_1, \ldots , f_ m)$. The ring map $\psi$ corresponds to elements $\hat c_1, \ldots , \hat c_ n \in C^\wedge$ with $f_ j(\hat c_1, \ldots , \hat c_ n) = 0$ for $j = 1, \ldots , m$. Namely, as $A$ is a Noetherian G-ring, so is $C$, see More on Algebra, Proposition 15.49.10. Thus Smoothing Ring Maps, Lemma 16.14.1 applies to give elements $c_1, \ldots , c_ n \in C^ h$ such that $f_ j(c_1, \ldots , c_ n) = 0$ for $j = 1, \ldots , m$ and such that $\hat c_ i - c_ i \in I^ NC^ h$. This determines the map $B \to C^ h$ as desired. $\square$

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).