Proposition 36.40.5. Let $X$ be a quasi-compact and quasi-separated scheme. Let $G \in D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ be a perfect complex which generates $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Let $E \in D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. The following are equivalent

1. $E \in D^-_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$,

2. $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(G[-i], E) = 0$ for $i \gg 0$,

3. $\mathop{\mathrm{Ext}}\nolimits ^ i_ X(G, E) = 0$ for $i \gg 0$,

4. $R\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ X(G, E)$ is in $D^-(\mathbf{Z})$,

5. $H^ i(X, G^\vee \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} E) = 0$ for $i \gg 0$,

6. $R\Gamma (X, G^\vee \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} E)$ is in $D^-(\mathbf{Z})$,

7. for every perfect object $P$ of $D(\mathcal{O}_ X)$

1. the assertions (2), (3), (4) hold with $G$ replaced by $P$, and

2. $H^ i(X, P \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} E) = 0$ for $i \gg 0$,

3. $R\Gamma (X, P \otimes _{\mathcal{O}_ X}^\mathbf {L} E)$ is in $D^-(\mathbf{Z})$.

Proof. Assume (1). Since $\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(G[-i], E) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(G, E[i])$ we see that this is zero for $i \gg 0$ by Lemma 36.18.2. This proves that (1) implies (2).

Parts (2), (3), (4) are equivalent by the discussion in Cohomology, Section 20.41. Part (5) and (6) are equivalent as $H^ i(X, -) = H^ i(R\Gamma (X, -))$ by definition. The equivalent conditions (2), (3), (4) are equivalent to the equivalent conditions (5), (6) by Cohomology, Lemma 20.47.5 and the fact that $(G[-i])^\vee = G^\vee [i]$.

It is clear that (7) implies (2). Conversely, let us prove that the equivalent conditions (2) – (6) imply (7). Recall that $G$ is a classical generator for $D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ by Remark 36.17.2. For $P \in D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ let $T(P)$ be the assertion that $R\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _ X(P, E)$ is in $D^-(\mathbf{Z})$. Clearly, $T$ is inherited by direct sums, satisfies the 2-out-of-three property for distinguished triangles, is inherited by direct summands, and is perserved by shifts. Hence by Derived Categories, Remark 13.36.7 we see that (4) implies $T$ holds on all of $D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. The same argument works for all other properties, except that for property (7)(b) and (7)(c) we also use that $P \mapsto P^\vee$ is a self equivalence of $D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Small detail omitted.

We will prove the equivalent conditions (2) – (7) imply (1) using the induction principle of Cohomology of Schemes, Lemma 30.4.1.

First, we prove (2) – (7) $\Rightarrow$ (1) if $X$ is affine. Set $P = \mathcal{O}_ X[0]$. From (7) we obtain $H^ i (X, E) = 0$ for $i \gg 0$. Hence (1) follows since $E$ is determined by $R\Gamma (X, E)$, see Lemma 36.3.5.

Now assume $X = U \cup V$ with $U$ a quasi-compact open of $X$ and $V$ an affine open, and assume the implication (2) – (7) $\Rightarrow$ (1) is known for the schemes $U$, $V$, and $U \cap V$. Suppose $E \in D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ satisfies (2) – (7). By Lemma 36.15.1 and Theorem 36.15.3 there exists a perfect complex $Q$ on $X$ such that $Q|_ U$ generates $D_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ U)$. Let $f_1, \dots , f_ r \in \Gamma (V, \mathcal{O}_ V)$ be such that $V \setminus U = V(f_1, \dots , f_ r)$ as subsets of $V$. Let $K \in D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ V)$ be the object corresponding to the Koszul complex on $f_1, \dots , f_ r$. Let $K' \in D_{perf}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$ be

36.40.5.1
$$\label{perfect-equation-detecting-bounded-above} K' = R (V \to X)_* K = R (V \to X)_! K,$$

see Cohomology, Lemmas 20.33.6 and 20.46.10. This is a perfect complex on $X$ supported on the closed set $X \setminus U \subset V$ and isomorphic to $K$ on $V$. By assumption, we know $R\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(Q, E)$ and $R\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{\mathcal{O}_ X}(K', E)$ are bounded above.

By the second description of $K'$ in (36.40.5.1) we have

$\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ V)}(K[-i], E|_ V) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(K'[-i], E) = 0$

for $i \gg 0$. Therefore, we may apply Lemma 36.40.1 to $E|_ V$ to obtain an integer $a$ such that $\tau _{\geq a}(E|_ V) = \tau _{\geq a} R (U \cap V \to V)_* (E|_{U \cap V})$. Then $\tau _{\geq a} E = \tau _{\geq a} R (U \to X)_* (E |_ U)$ (check that the canonical map is an isomorphism after restricting to $U$ and to $V$). Hence using Lemma 36.40.3 twice we see that

$\mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ U)}(Q|_ U [-i], E|_ U) = \mathop{\mathrm{Hom}}\nolimits _{D(\mathcal{O}_ X)}(Q[-i], R (U \to X)_* (E|_ U)) = 0$

for $i \gg 0$. Since the Proposition holds for $U$ and the generator $Q|_ U$, we have $E|_ U \in D^-_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ U)$. But then since the functor $R (U \to X)_*$ preserves $D^-_\mathit{QCoh}$ (by Lemma 36.4.1), we get $\tau _{\geq a}E \in D^-_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. Thus $E \in D^-_\mathit{QCoh}(\mathcal{O}_ X)$. $\square$

In your comment you can use Markdown and LaTeX style mathematics (enclose it like $\pi$). A preview option is available if you wish to see how it works out (just click on the eye in the toolbar).